• br Discovery of GPR A The murine niacin receptor protein

  2021-09-17

  

  Discovery of GPR109A The murine niacin receptor, protein upregulated in macrophages by interferon-γ (PUMA-G), was identified as a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in adipocytes and spleen [22], [23]. This finding suggested a role of this receptor in macrophage function [24]. In 2003, t

• It is possible that maternal

  2021-09-17

  

  It is possible that maternal separation-induced USV in neonatal rodents is not a good model of adult anxiety for examining GlyT1 inhibitors, if the expression levels of GlyT1, GlyA, and GlyB markedly differ between pups and adults. However, several reports provide evidence that this is not the case.

• Through a large scale phylogenetic analysis of

  2021-09-17

  

  Through a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of UDG superfamily in more than 1000 completely sequenced genomes, it is shown that family 3 sodium calcium exchanger can be separated into two clades with the traditional family 3 SMUG1 as one of them (Fig. 1) [31]. UDG enzymes in another clade are prese

• In this study we examined

  2021-09-17

  

  In this study, we examined whether zebrafish ionocytes might also share other types of similarity in transport function with kidney cells. In addition to ion transport, mammalian kidney N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid synthesis also play key roles in xenobiotic elimination, through the action of ATP-Bindi

• Bergmann glia cells BGCs are the most

  2021-09-17

  

  Bergmann glia Cyanine 3-dUTP (BGCs) are the most abundant glia cells in the cerebellum, comprising more than 90% of the cerebellar glia. These cells span the entire cerebellar molecular layer and encapsulate neuronal somata, dendrites and axons. BGC are involved in neurotransmitter uptake, K+ homeo

• Introduction Adaptations in the metabolism

  2021-09-17

  

  Introduction Adaptations in the metabolism of cancers contribute to tumor survival and growth and present opportunities to develop novel therapeutic strategies (Kelloff et al., 2005, Som et al., 1980). In particular, glutamine metabolism plays such an important role in cancer growth that a phenomen

• Epidemiological studies revealed that vitamin D

  2021-09-17

  

  Epidemiological studies revealed that vitamin D deficiency was associated with a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, in particular, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (Annweiler et al., 2013; Knekt et al., 2010), dementia and cognitive function impairment (Balio

• br Introduction Depression is a prevalent and

  2021-09-17

  

  Introduction Depression is a prevalent and disabling psychiatric illness that affects millions of individuals worldwide, resulting in enormous personal suffering and public health costs [1]. Traditional antidepressants such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and selective serotonin reuptake

• cAMP is a key secondary messenger which

  2021-09-17

  

  cAMP is a key secondary messenger which transduces extracellular signals at glucagon receptors to intracellular effector molecules. cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway increases the gene expression of enzymes including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) whic

• Despite the potential promise of both of

  2021-09-17

  

  Despite the potential promise of both of these peptides, such compounds are still susceptible to efficient renal filtration (Emmanouel et al., 1978, Holst, 1991, Deacon et al., 1996). However, numerous studies have demonstrated that fatty Capsaicin dervatisation of related regulatory peptides resul

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-09-17

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The global pandemic of T2DM has mandated a search for new types of therapeutic agent and several long-acting analogs of naturally occurring incretins, particularly derivatives of GLP-1, have already been adopted in clinical practice [29]. This study

• br Results and Discussion br STAR Methods br

  2021-09-17

  

  Results and Discussion STAR★Methods Author Contributions Conflicts of Interest J.P.F. is a consultant for AstraZeneca, BMS, Johnson and Johnson, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi, a member of the advisory panel for AstraZeneca and Sanofi, a member of the speaker’s bureau for Sanofi and Novo Nordi

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion br Acknowl

  2021-09-17

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by the University of Tehran, Iran. The authors thank all the teams who worked on the experiments and who provided technical assistance in the laboratory during this study. We also thank the anony

• br Involvement of gap junctions and

  2021-09-17

  

  Involvement of gap junctions and Panx1 in spinal cord processing of pain information Several studies indicated that GJs in the CNS contribute to pain. A common finding in such studies is that intrathecal administration of GJ blocker attenuates pain behavior. For example, intrathecal CBX attenuate

• DNAzymes a series of nucleotide sequences with specific

  2021-09-17

  

  DNAzymes, a series of nucleotide sequences with specific catalytic activity, have been reported frequently applied in detection assays for such as ions and amino acids, due to the advantage in stability, high cost-effectiveness and modification convenience, by comparison with protein enzymes. The DN

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