• The PI K PTEN Akt mTORC GSK pathway also

  2021-11-22

  

  The PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1/GSK-3 pathway also plays key roles in metabolism, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (, , , , ). Sometimes such clinical problems such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic disorders are interlinked with cancer. Clearly further elucidation of the roles of GSK-3 could

• In the pathogenesis of insulin resistance chronic

  2021-11-22

  

  In the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, chronic activation of inflammatory pathways plays an important role, and the macrophage/adipocyte inter-communication provides a key mechanism underlying the common disease states of decreased insulin sensitivity [10]. This involves the migration of macroph

• br FFA GPR was deorphanised as the second receptor for

  2021-11-22

  

  FFA4 GPR120 was deorphanised as the second receptor for long-chain fatty acids in 2005 [5]. Initial focus highlighted expression in the lower gut, the capacity of unsaturated fatty acids to promote release of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from the enteroendocrine cell line STC-1, a

• Compared to previously reported atypical

  2021-11-22

  

  Compared to previously reported atypical N-glycosites that were identified based on the deamidation of asparagine residues after PNGase F treatment [106], [107], these two studies further validated the identified atypical motif glycosites by directly identifying their intact glycopeptides. Since the

• BCCA occlusion followed by reperfusion injury significantly

  2021-11-22

  

  BCCA occlusion, followed by reperfusion injury, significantly increased the brain AT1 and AT2 receptor expression in mice. Reports have demonstrated elevation of AT1 receptor expression in the cerebral RG7388 during ischemia [34,35]. The gene expression of brain AT2 receptor is increased in both in

• Which is the preferred dimer configuration the one correspon

  2021-11-22

  

  Which is the preferred dimer configuration, the one corresponding to the active state or the one corresponding to the desensitized state? Umbrella sampling simulations of a pair of GluA2 LBDs, using distances at the top (proximal to the ATD) and the bottom (proximal to the TMD), indicate that the de

• In a previous study M ykkynen et al we

  2021-11-22

  

  In a previous study (Möykkynen et al., 2003), we reported that ethanol lengthens the time needed for the AMPA receptors to recovery from desensitization in isolated hippocampal neurons. Here, we did not observe any effect of ethanol on recovery from desensitization in recombinant homomeric GluR-D re

• br Glucocorticosteroid receptor structure and function The

  2021-11-22

  

  Glucocorticosteroid receptor structure and function The gene encoding for the human GR is composed of 9 exons (Oakley and Cidlowski, 2011) and the translated protein is described as having 4 functional regions. The protein contains a highly conserved central DNA-binding domain (DBD) or C-domain,

• br Conclusions We have shown that despite the development of

  2021-11-22

  

  Conclusions We have shown that despite the development of severe insulin intolerance and marked alterations in whole body substrate oxidation that Gcgr−/− mice are protected against olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia. Our data provides evidence that this protective effect is likely due in large par

• br Some general considerations on anterior pituitary cell ty

  2021-11-22

  

  Some general considerations on anterior pituitary cell type, models, sex and drugs Historically, real-time analysis of native endocrine anterior pituitary cell excitability has been somewhat limited and thus much of the pioneering work on anterior pituitary cell excitability and stimulus-secretio

• Regulation of Gja involves a member of

  2021-11-22

  

  Regulation of Gja4 involves a member of the wingless-type MMTV integration site family, WNT4. Mice deficient in Wnt4 had reduced (30%) expression of GJA1 compared to WT mice [40]. It is thought that WNT signaling regulates GJA1 expression and GJIC in granulosa PF 4800567 hydrochloride synthesis by

• Imeglimin synthesis However T DM and associated hyperglycemi

  2021-11-22

  

  However, T1DM and associated hyperglycemia can adversely affect the structure and function of the heart in several mechanisms including inhibiting the anabolic effect of insulin due to its deficiency, generation of higher levels of ROS and induction of lipid peroxidation, and subsequent activation o

• The concentration of rapamycin that gave half maximal

  2021-11-20

  

  The concentration of rapamycin that gave half-maximal induction of the expression of HO-1 and Prx-1 mRNA in normal hepatocytes was 0.05 μM, with maximal induction at about 0.1 μM rapamycin. While, at rapamycin concentrations higher than 0.1 μM, the degree of enzyme induction decreased, elevated expr

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction The glutathione

  2021-11-20

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction The glutathione S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) family of multifunctional enzymes plays a particularly important role in cellular detoxification [1]. Over-expression of the GSTP1 isoform characterizes many human tumor cell lines derived from stomach, brain and co

• To characterize the basic functions of GPR in phagocytes

  2021-11-20

  

  To characterize the basic functions of GPR84 in phagocytes, we have utilized the receptor selective antagonist GLPG1205 (a small selective antagonist of GPR84 developed by Galapagos NV [14]) together with ZQ16 (2-(hexylthio) pyrimidine-4,6-diol), a potent GPR84 selective agonist identified in a high

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