• Vacuolin-1 br Results br Discussion Both ATM and ATR are

  2024-06-22

  

  Results Discussion Both ATM and ATR are key regulators of the cellular response to DSBs, yet how exactly they function in concert is not well understood. Recent studies revealed that ATM is required for the resection of DSBs (Jazayeri et al., 2006, Myers and Cortez, 2006), a process necessary

• Estrogen exerts its genomic action via estrogen nuclear rece

  2024-06-22

  

  Estrogen exerts its genomic action via MK 886 mg nuclear receptor: ERα and ERβ. The distribution of ERα and/or ERβ positive neurons in CNS of different species has been mapped extensively by various methods [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], although there are some differen

• As a neuropeptide Apelin also has a

  2024-06-22

  

  As a neuropeptide, Apelin also has a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. Systemic administration of Apelin exert vasodilatory and antihypertensive effects [33]. Meanwhile, the apelin-APJ signal transduction pathway is related to age-associated cardiovascular diseases [34]. It has been known th

• The reduction of heterodimerization of KOR and APJ by

  2024-06-22

  

  The reduction of heterodimerization of KOR and APJ by both doses of apelin found in the present study may result in inducing protective effects of apelin on the myocardium imposed to high pressure in renovascular hypertension conditions. The finding that apelin in both doses reduced heterodimerizati

• Another interesting aspect of neutralizing AP

  2024-06-22

  

  Another interesting aspect of neutralizing AP-1 is the inhibition of interactions between AP-1 and Smad proteins, which synergize to activate the TGF-β1-responsive genes involved in hypertrophic growth of the heart muscle and in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Through preventing AP-1 activation

• Fig shows a possible scheme

  2024-06-22

  

  Fig. 8 shows a possible scheme of the generation of AP(+)-exosomes based on this study. In response to inflammatory stimuli, ERAP1 is secreted from ER into the extracellular milieu through the conventional secretion pathway. On the other hand, exosomes are derived from the endosomal pathway, and are

• NLX a k a F or befiradol

  2024-06-22

  

  NLX-112 (a.k.a. F13640 or befiradol), exhibits nanomolar affinity at 5-HT1A receptors, and, in osmi to the 5-HT1A receptor agonists listed above, it presents exceptional selectivity and high efficacy at these receptors (Colpaert et al., 2002, Newman-Tancredi et al., 2017). Additionally, it has show

• In conclusion the results of this investigation

  2024-06-22

  

  In conclusion, the results of this investigation suggest that the involvement of PGE2 in the pathogenesis of pulpal inflammation and repair may be related to its induction of cAMP production. PGE2-induced cAMP production in dental pulp cells is mediated by binding to the EP2 receptor, activation of

• br Patients and methods The severity of

  2024-06-21

  

  Patients and methods The severity of disease documented at each outpatient visit was graded according to the modified Osserman classification: grade I, focal disease (e.g. restricted to ocular muscles); grade II, generalised disease that is mild (IIa) or moderate (IIb); grade III, severe generali

• Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characteri

  2024-06-21

  

  Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characterised (for review see Ref. [1]), production of soluble AChE species is less well understood although we have reported that a metalloproteinase can shed AChE similarly to APP [16], [17]. Recently it has also been demonstrated that cellular pre

• br ATX LPA pathway in animal models

  2024-06-21

  

  ATX–LPA pathway in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis Several animal models have been used to characterize the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis and to test new therapeutic strategies. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model (Courtenay et al., 1980, Luross and Williams, 2

• Aurora A or B selective and

  2024-06-21

  

  Aurora -A or -B selective and pan-aurora inhibitors have demonstrated different preclinical and clinical therapeutic efficacies [2,[19], [20], [21], [22], [23]]. For example, clinical trials for a pan-Aurora inhibitor VX-680 (developed by Vertex) were halted at phase II for toxicity reasons (one ca

• It is reported that calpain plays a

  2024-06-21

  

  It is reported that calpain-2 plays a critical role in BDNF-induced signaling and memory formation, and knockdown of calpain-2, but not calpain-1, completely suppresses BDNF-induced pathway activation and protein translation (Briz et al., 2013). BDNF prevents neuronal apoptosis or death (Ferrer et a

• There is a delicate balance between

  2024-06-21

  

  There is a delicate balance between ROS generation and scavenging by the protective antioxidant defenses in the cell. Antioxidant systems present in the Solamargine include enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases, glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and peroxiredoxins (PRxs) (Fig. 3) [38]. SO

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements

  2024-06-21

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC IG18590 to A.A.), by “Fondi di Ateneo-University of Pisa” years 2009 and 2010 (E. N., S. N., E. O., and A. R.) and partially by the Unipi project P.R.A.2016_27 (E. N., E.O. and A. R.

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